2013年12月英語四級作文提分技巧之善於變化?

2013年12月英語四級作文提分技巧之善於變化

  許多人將簡潔與簡短混為一談,其實二有很大區別。簡潔的主旨是用盡量少的詞彙講述整個故事,簡短的主旨則是為保持文章篇幅短小,精心撰寫或隨意刪除文中的某些詞語或章節。

  簡潔並不意味著總寫短句子。事實上,如果句式缺乏變化,文章就會顯得支離破碎,缺少聯絡,讓人覺得寫作技巧貧乏。句式的變化能令文章協調而流暢,會讓讀者感覺到作者對主題把握得遊刃有餘。雖然短句沒什麼語法錯誤,但用得太多會使本應合在一起的意思分離開來。

  記住:不要使用一串串短的、支離破碎的句子。要理清自己的思路,儘量使句子長度有所變化。

  例:

  Before: The Art of Strategy was written by Sun
Tzu. It is a fifty-six-hundred-word Chinese classical work. The writer put forth
a set of principles in a very tightly compressed manner. They deal with how to
defeat oppositions and win battles.

  這種表達的問題在於:

  (1) 簡單的“主語+謂語”結構太多;

  (2) "written"和"writer", "The Art of Strategy"和"
It","set of principles"和" they"為重複用語;

  (3) 讀起來很單調。

  After:In his fifty-six-hundred word classic, The
Art of Strategy, Sun Tzu put forth a tightly compressed set of principles for
achieving triumph over opposition.

  介詞結構+同位語+主語+謂語的形式比較好,因為將"Sun Tzu"
放到了最重要成分-主語的位置,其他成分按邏輯排序居次要地位。整個句子很流暢。

  再看下面各例

  Choppy: Of course, the weapons at Sun Tzu’s time
were quite primitive. The armies were very large. They were nearly as large as
those in World War Two. The devastation and human sufferings were just as
profound as in World War Two.

  Better: Compared with World War Two, the weapons
at Sun Tzu’s time were quite primitive, but the armies were nearly as large and
the devastation and human suffering just as profound.

  Choppy: Proverbs are short sayings. They are
drawn from long experience.

  Better: Proverbs are short sayings drawn from
long experience.

  Choppy: People change and places change as well.
Jennifer felt this strongly. She had been away for eleven years.

  Better: On returning after an eleven-year
absence, Jennifer had a strong feeling of how people and places
change.

  Choppy: Beijing streets are crowded with taxis,
company cars and private vehicles owned by the newly affluent. The number has
been rising rapidly in the last few years. The latest statistics show there are
now 1.2 million vehicles in Beijing alone.

  Better: Taxis, company cars and private vehicles
owned by the newly affluent have crammed Beijing streets in rising numbers in
the last few years - 1.2 million vehicles at last count.

  Choppy: Moby Dick is a book. It is a long book.
It is about a whale. A man named Ahab tries to kill it. Herman Melville wrote
it.

  Better: Herman Melville wrote a long book called
Moby Dick. It is the story of a struggle of a man against a whale.

  Choppy: Thousands of buildings met the same fate.
This alone is now being preserved. It marks the center of the nuclear explosion.
It is being preserved as a symbol. It symbolizes our wish that there be no more
Hiroshimas.

  Better: Of the thousands of buildings that met
the same fate, this alone, marking the center of the nuclear explosion, is now
being preserved to symbolize our wish that there be no more
Hiroshimas.

  Choppy: I have always had a dream. My dream has
been to be a famous writer. Everyone would read my books. I would become very
wealthy.

  Better: I have always dreamed of being a wealthy,
famous writer, read by everyone.

  Choppy: This is a wreck. It was formerly the
stately Imperial Garden. It is preserved deliberately as a reminder and
symbol.

  Better: This wreck, formerly the stately Imperial
Garden, is preserved deliberately as a reminder and symbol.

  句式變化的一些技巧

  英語的一個顯著特徵是它可輕易地把簡單結構(一箇中心意思)轉化為複合結構(兩個中心意思)和複雜結構(一箇中心意思和一個從屬意思)甚至轉化為複合-複雜結構(兩個或以上的意思)。主句,又稱獨立句,表達可獨立成句的思想內容。從句,又稱非獨立句,表達不能獨立成句,而需與主句一起構成完整的思想內容。

  達到句式多變的最佳期途徑是把關鍵詞或短語換到開頭或結尾,從中發現達到你的目的和適合你的品味的最好方法。通過連線短句--省詞,增詞,改變詞序或把不那麼重要的思想放到從句中去--你就可以寫出更流暢,成熟的句子。

  例

  Before: Lu Hao graduated last summer. He joined
the First Auto Works in Changchun soon after graduation. He received an
engineering degree from his college.

  採用從句能將這三個簡單句以不同方式連線起來。

  After: After graduating last summer with an
engineering degree, Lu Hao soon joined the First Auto Works in
Changchun.

  (介詞結構 + 主語 + 謂語)

  或: An engineering degree-holder, Lu Hao joined
the First Auto Works in hangchun last summer soon after graduation.

  (同位語 + 主語 + 謂語 +狀語)

  或: Having graduated with an engineering degree,
Lu Hao joined the First Auto Works in Changchun last summer.

  (狀語+ 主語 + 謂語)

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