新概念英語第一冊知識點

General 更新 2024年05月21日

  英語教材是英語課程標準的理念的體現,是英語課堂教學的首要載體,是英語課程實施的焦點和中樞。新概念英語第一次有哪些知識點呢?接下來小編為你整理了,一起來看看吧。

  :完成時

  在完成時構成:主語+助動詞have, has+過去分詞

  用法:

  1 表示過去發生的和現在有某種聯絡的動作,常和just, usually, already, since等時間副詞連用

  I have just had lunch. 飽了,不用再吃了

  He has had a cup of tea.不渴了,不用再喝

  They have already had their holiday. 不能再度假了

  The boy has already read the book. 已經知道書的內容了,不用再

  2 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現在完成時:

  Have you finished your homework?

  Have you been to Beijing?

  Have he seen the film?

  3 表示開始於過去並持續到現在的動作

  I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.

  I have worked for this school for 1 year.

  4 表示一種經歷,經驗:去過…地方,做過…事情,經歷過…事情

  I have never had a bath.

  I have never seen a film.

  I have never been to cinema.

  I have ever been to Paris.

  Have been to表示去過,have gone to 表示去了

  I have been to London.人已經回來

  He has gone to London.人還在那裡

  5 表示一種結果, 一般不和時間副詞聯用

  I have lost my pen.

  I have hurt myself.

  He has become a teacher.

  She has broken my heart.

  句型變化:

  ★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首,變否定句在助動詞後面加not.

  e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes, I have. No, I have not.

  ★特殊疑問句:

  What have you done?

  What has he done?

  一般過去時與現在完成時的區別:

  凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時

  注意:有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點,不能再延續,因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用

  錯:I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.

  對:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.

  :動詞的變化

  1代詞及be動詞

  主格 I we you you she/he/it they

  賓格 me us you you her/him/it them

  代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

  名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

  be動詞現在時 Am are are are is are

  be動詞過去時 was were were were was were

  2名詞的複數

  規則變化的名詞複數形式

  規則1 一般情況+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys

  規則2 以s, x, ch, sh結尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches

  規則3 以o結尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes

  規則4 以f, fe結尾的,變f, fe為ves e.g. life→lives half→halves

  規則5 以子音字母+y結尾, 變y為i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies

  3動詞的第三人稱單數形式

  規則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks

  規則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches

  規則3 以子音字母+y結尾, 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

  4動詞現在分詞

  規則1 一般動詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

  規則2 以不發音的字母結尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving

  規則3 重讀閉音節詞結尾, 即單詞中只有一個母音字母,其後緊跟一個子音字母的詞,雙寫子音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

  5動詞過去式

  規則動詞變化

  規則1 一般動詞加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

  規則2 以e結尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived

  規則3 以子音字母y結尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

  規則4 重讀閉音節詞結尾, 即單詞中只有一個母音字母,其後緊跟一個子音字母的詞,雙寫子音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

  過去式的讀音

  在清子音後面除外讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped

  在濁子音和母音後讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched

  在/t/,/d/後讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated

  6形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高階

  比較級

  規則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher

  規則2 以e結尾加-r nice-nicer

  規則3 以子音字母加y結尾,變y為i再加-er busy-busier

  規則4 重讀閉音節結尾, 雙寫子音字母再加-er fat-fatter

  最高階

  規則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest

  規則2 以e結尾加-st nice-nicest

  規則3 以子音字母加y結尾,變y為i再加-est busy-busiest

  規則4 重讀閉音節結尾, 雙寫子音字母再加--est fat-fattest

  7常見縮寫:

  is='s I am=I'm are='re

  is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

  do not=don't

  does not=doesn't

  was='s

  did not=didn't

  can not=can't

  have='ve

  has='s

  have not=haven't

  has not=hasn't

  will='ll

  will not=won't

  shall not=shan't

  :倒裝句

  完全倒裝:又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用於一般現在時和一般過去時。也就是謂語+主語+……

  理論的東西說多了大家迷糊,其實我們通常見到的There be句型就是完全倒裝句

  ①There be的各種形式+主語+地點或時間狀語

  例子:

  There was problem between us.我們倆之間曾經有矛盾

  There are ducks swimming in the river.河裡有很多鴨子在遊

  ②副詞小品詞+謂語動詞+名詞主語+……

  例子:

  Out runs a lady.跑出來一位女士

  Away flew the birds.鳥兒飛走了

  ③過去分詞或現在分詞+be的各種形式+主語+……

  例子:

  Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌子旁的是他的夫人

  需要注意的是,某些副詞開頭的句子構成的完全倒裝here、there、now、then、thus等副詞開頭的句子可構成完全倒裝。條件是謂語動詞是不及物動詞,如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是,當主語是代詞時,不能構成倒裝。方位詞在句首,主語是名詞,全部倒裝

  例子:

  Here comes Harry Potte.哈利波特來了。

  Here it is.在這裡。

  Here is your bag.這是你的包,根據語境還可翻譯為給你包。

  部分倒裝PartialInversion又稱半倒裝句:指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態動詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需新增助動詞do,does或did,並將其置於主語之前。

  表示強調倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調,其表現形式如下:

  1.only+狀語或狀語從句置於句首,被該狀語修飾的句子用部分倒裝。

  例子:

  Only in this way can you solve this problem.

  只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。

  Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

  只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。

  2.hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom, never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only…but also,not until…等具有否定意義的詞或片語位於句首,句子用部分倒裝。

  例子:

  No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

  我剛到家就下起了雨。

  Seldom do I go to work by bus.

  我很少乘公共汽車上班。

  Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night.

  她昨晚十二點才上床睡覺。

  

  例子:

  So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.

  他的要價太離譜,令每個人都瞠目結舌。

  To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.

  她的彩排進行得那麼長,以致於那兩個演員都走出去了。

  以上各例都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。


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