考研英語經濟類閱讀理解及答案解析

　　考研，除了做教育類的英語閱讀理解之外，還可以做做經濟型別的。下面是小編給大家整理的考研英語經濟類閱讀理解及答案，供大家參閱!

　　考研英語經濟類閱讀理解及答案：SALLIE KRAWCHECK

　　CEO of Citigroup's new Smith Barney unit

　　AS A TRACK STAR in high school, Sallie Krawcheck ranked among her state's best at the high jump. But she hasn't jumped for anyone since, and her unshakabl

　　e independence has propelled her career on Wall Street to heights unimaginable to a girl coming of age in Charleston, S.C., in the 1970s. Then, Krawcheck--always an outstanding student--thought mostly of cheerleading and "dating the coolest boy," she acknowledges. "She was in danger of becoming terminally cute," recalls her high school guidance counselor, Nancy Wise, who recognized Krawcheck's potential early and stoked her business ambitions. Today Krawcheck, 37, is one of the most powerful women in the corporate world and a rising star.

　　How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm's reputation--and its stock. Krawcheck was hired in October from the independent stock-research firm Sanford C. Bernstein ***where she was CEO*** to be Citi's designated savior. Citigroup's proud CEO, Sanford Weill, personally wooed her, reorganizing a large chunk of Citi around her. Krawcheck is now CEO of a reconstituted Smith Barney, which encompasses Citi's stock-research and retail-brokerage operations.

　　This large stage leaves Krawcheck outwardly undaunted. She's relaxed and confident, with a self-deprecating sense of humor. She says she's "incredibly insecure," and has had nightmares in which she fails to win the respect of her new colleagues. But this soft-spoken humility belies a toughness present from the start. Daughter of a lawyer and sister of three more, Krawcheck learned early on to substantiate her assertions--or keep quiet.

　　"It used to get quite interesting around the dinner table," says her father Lenny, who practices law in Charleston. "Politics, relationships--you name it. It was every man for himself and awful tough to make your point." Jokes Sallie: "None of us could get a friend to come over for dinner."

　　Krawcheck earned a journalism degree from the University of North Carolina and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. She went to work at Salomon Brothers but soon moved to Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, where she met her husband Gary Appel. In 1994 Krawcheck moved to Bernstein and dived into stock research. She began covering financial-services firms in 1997 and immediately became the most influential analyst in that field. During those years, Krawcheck earned Weill's ire--and respect when she was later proved correct--by dwelling on the pitfalls of Weill's acquisition of Salomon

　　~~~~~~~~

　　By Daniel Kadlec Time; 12/2/2002, Vol. 160 Issue 23, p52, 1/2p, 1c

　　注***1***：本文選自Time; 12/2/2002, p52, 1/2p, 1c;

　　注***2***：本文習題命題模仿物件2003年真題Text 2;

　　1. The author begins his article by __________.

　　[A]making a comparison

　　[B]posing a contrast

　　[C]justifying an assumption

　　[D]explaining a phenomenon

　　2. Krawcheck was chosen the CEO of the Smith Barney because ___________.

　　[A]the CEO of the Citigroup trusted her

　　[B]she was thought to be able to save Citigroup out of trouble

　　[C]she has wonderful experience in this field

　　[D]she is the new rising star

　　3. Krawcheck’s success depends on ___________.

　　[A]how well she can regain the firm’s reputation

　　[B]how well she can save the firm’s credibility crisis

　　[C]how well she can raise the firm’s stock

　　[D]how well she can fulfill her own plan and aim

　　4. The previous days Krawcheck spent at home are mentioned to show that __________.

　　[A] Krawcheck knows well how to prove her ideas

　　[B] family members are always on different sides.

　　[C]there is an air of freedom at Krawcheck’s home

　　[D]they have a variety of topics at dinner

　　5.From the text we learn that Krawcheck is ___________.

　　[A]humorous

　　[B]soft-hearted

　　[C]sensitive

　　[D]strong-minded

　　答案：ABBAD

　　篇章剖析

　　本文記述了薩利•克勞切克成功的職業生涯。第一段指出中學時代的克勞切克就相當出色，今天的她更是出類拔萃;第二段指出她臨危授命，擔任花旗集團***Citigroup***新組建的史密斯•巴尼公司執行長;第三段和第四段介紹了她的性格以及家庭對她的影響;第五段介紹了她輝煌的從業經歷。

　　詞彙註釋

　　stoke vt. 給***火或火爐***新增燃料，撥旺***火或火爐***;照管***火爐等***; 司***爐***

　　credibility gap 信用差距

　　cast ***put*** a cloud on [upon] 在...上投下一層陰影

　　woo vt. 向...求婚, 求愛;懇求，請求;勸說, 拉攏***人******做某事, 投入某項行動等***

　　belie [bI5laI] vt. 使對…產生錯覺;使人對…誤解;掩飾;顯示***希望、諾言等***不真實***是虛假的***;使失望; 辜負

　　early on在早期

　　substantiate vt.證明，使...具體化，使成為現實

　　assertion [] n. 主張, 要求, 斷言

　　stand to one’s assertion 堅持已見

　　for oneself 為自己; 代表自己; 獨力地; 親自地

　　ire [5aIE***r***] n. 忿怒，憤怒，怒火

　　dwell on v. 細想, 詳述，詳評，如：

　　pitfall [5pitfC:l] n. 陷阱, 圈套, 誘惑;易犯的錯誤;***由疏忽而出的***毛病, 缺陷, 失誤

　　難句突破

　　1.But she hasn't jumped for anyone since, and her unshakable independence has propelled her career on Wall Street to heights unimaginable to a girl coming of age in Charleston, S.C., in the 1970s.

　　主體句式：she hasn't jumped for anyone since, and her independence has propelled her to heights …

　　結構分析：本句是and引導的兩個並列句。在這個句子中，注意propel的用法：“propel sb. to do sth”，意思是“促使、推動某人做某事”;“unimaginable to a girl”做後置定語來修飾“heights”;“coming of age”做後置定語修飾“a girl”，其中“age”的意思是“成年”。

　　句子譯文：但她從那以後再也沒有為任何人跳過，而她那不可動搖的獨立性把她在華爾街的職業生涯推向一個在二十世紀七十年代對一個來自南卡羅來納州查爾斯頓正在步入成年之列的少女來說不可思議的高度。

　　2.How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm's reputation--and its stock.

　　主體句式：How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge …

　　結構分析：從句“how far she climbs”做句子的主語;從句“how well she meets”做動詞短語“depend on”的賓語;“closing the credibility gap”做伴隨狀語，其中“credibility gap”的意思是“信用差距”，“put a cloud over”的意思是“在...上投下一層陰影”。

　　句子譯文: 她能取得多大的成就取決於她如何迎接她的最新挑戰：在政府的調查使公司的名譽——及其股票——罩上一層陰影之後，縮小財政服務巨人Citigroup集團的信用差距。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為A，屬事實細節題。文章中提到中學時代的克勞切克和今天的克勞切克都是相當成功的。

　　2.答案為B，屬事實細節題。原文對應資訊是“Krawcheck was hired in October from the independent stock-research firm Sanford C. Bernstein ***where she was CEO*** to be Citi's designated savior.”。

　　3.答案為B ，屬推理判斷題。原文對應資訊是：“How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm's reputation--and its stock.”。本句的分析參見難句突破部分。

　　4.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。第三段最後一句指出“Daughter of a lawyer and sister of three more, Krawcheck learned early on to substantiate her assertions--or keep quiet.”，然後作者在第四段給出克勞切克的父親和她本人的感受，來進一步來說明這一句話。

　　5.答案為D，屬事實細節題。原文對應資訊是：“But this soft-spoken humility belies a toughness present from the start.”。

　　參考譯文

　　薩利•克勞切克

　　花旗集團***Citigroup***新組建的史密斯•巴尼公司執行長

　　作為中學時代的徑賽明星，薩利•克勞切克曾名列她所在州跳高運動的榜首。但她從那以後再也沒有為任何人跳過，而她那不可動搖的獨立性把她在華爾街的職業生涯推向一個在二十世紀七十年代對一個來自南卡羅來納州查爾斯頓正在步入成年之列的少女來說不可思議的高度。克勞切克——她總是一名傑出的學生——承認說，主要想的就是如何帶領啦啦隊和 “約會最酷的男孩。” 很早就認識到她的潛能並激發她商業雄心的中學指導顧問南希•懷斯回憶說，“她極有可能成為絕頂聰明之人。” 今天，37歲的克勞切克是商界最強有力的女人之一，是一顆冉冉升起的明星。

　　她能取得多大的成就取決於她如何迎接她的最新挑戰：在政府的調查使公司的名譽——及其股票——罩上一層陰影之後，縮小財政服務巨人Citigroup集團的信用差距。克勞切克是10月從獨立的股票研究公司——桑福德•C•伯恩斯坦公司***在這家公司她是執行長***被招聘為選定的Citi集團的救星。Citigroup集團高傲的執行長桑福德•韋爾親自懇求她，把Citi集團的一大塊重組在她周圍。克勞切克現在是重組後的史密斯巴尼公司***其中包括 Citi集團的股票研究和零售經紀業務***的執行長。

　　這個大舞臺讓克勞切克無所畏懼地向外擴張。她顯得輕鬆自如且胸有成竹，帶有幾分自貶式的幽默感。她說她感到“難以置信地沒有把握，”常常做惡夢，夢見她得不到新同事的尊敬。但是這種說起話來讓人感到溫柔可親的謙卑掩飾了她一開始就有的堅韌與果斷。作為律師的女兒和另外三個姊妹的姐姐, 克勞切克很早就學會了如何證實自己的主張——或保持鎮靜。

　　“過去圍坐餐桌就餐是相當有趣的，”她父親倫尼——他在查爾斯頓當律師——這樣說。“政治、關係——你只管講出來。每個人都講自己的觀點，要想講清一個論點著實很困難。”薩莉開玩笑說，“我們誰也不能邀請朋友來吃飯”。

　　克勞切克先後獲得北卡羅萊那州立大學的新聞學學士學位和哥倫比亞大學的工商管理碩士學位。她到薩洛蒙兄弟公司工作，但很快就轉到唐納森、拉夫金-詹雷特公司工作，在那兒她遇見了她的丈夫加里•阿普爾。1994年，克勞切克中轉入伯恩斯坦公司，此後便一頭扎進股票研究工作。1997年，她開始涉足金融服務公司，很快便成為該領域的最有影響力的分析家。在這幾年中，克勞切克對韋爾收購薩洛蒙公司一案進行了詳細評述，這激起了韋爾的忿怒，同時也贏得了他的尊重，因為後來的發展證明她是正確的。

　　考研英語經濟類閱讀理解及答案：WIELDING THE AXE

　　Investment banks cut with a vengeance

　　THE 25,000 or so jobs cut by international investment banks so far this year have been presented as judicious pruning, though they were really more panick

　　y than that. Privately, the banks admit that, if business does not pick up soon, then the serious axe-wielding will have to start, on Wall Street and in the City of London. Some banks would have liked to act more aggressively before now, but were restrained by a desire not to be first with the bad news. This week's announcement of 3,500 fresh job losses at Citigroup, followed immediately by reports that J.P. Morgan Chase is about to slash its investment-banking operations, may mark the point at which the blood really starts to flow.

　　As they decide whom to shed, executives face a tricky question. How quickly might they be able to hire workers in the event that business recovers faster than most people now dare hope? Merrill Lynch suffered badly after it fired workers, including technical staff, as financial markets stumbled in late 1998. When the markets rebounded soon after, not only were these workers loth to return, but employees at other firms would not join a firm that had shown itself to be a fickle employer.

　　Today, worries about "doing a Merrill" are fading fast. Jobless investment bankers are legion, though few are willing to admit to being "unemployed". New York now has nearly as many "resting" bankers as actresses, though they do not yet have to wait at tables. Senior executives are being fired at a rate not seen since 1990, says Laura Lofaro of Sterling Resources, a firm of head-hunters. They are paid so much that the revenues they bring in for the firm fall short of their pay--even before other overheads are taken into account.

　　Banks are also eagerly searching out ways to shed workers through increasing use of technology. Curiously, firms like Merrill Lynch may view electronic brokerage with greater enthusiasm now than at the height of the online investing fad. Goldman Sachs has sought efficiencies by centralising its human-resources activities, cutting staff. It came as a shock to learn that Goldman Sachs had 300 human-resource professionals to fire. But when even personnel people are being canned, times really are hard.

　　The task facing investment banks is complicated by the consequences of their behaviour during the stockmarket boom of blessed memory. For instance, many bankers, notably in equity underwriting and analysis, were recruited on lucrative contracts with several years of guaranteed salary and bonus. Attempts to negotiate release from these guarantees are taking place--notably at CSFB, which handed out more of these contracts than most.

　　No investment-banking activity has been more idle this year than underwriting initial public offerings ***IPOs***. The bursting of the Internet bubble has scared off punters and, for another year at least, there are unlikely to be many IPO candidates with a record of profitability ***now regarded as essential***. Yet job losses in this business have been remarkably low. Could this have anything to do with the way regulators and law firms are courting disaffected and former employees who might be willing to dish the dirt on their bank's abuses of the IPO process?

　　Economist; 8/18/2001, Vol. 360 Issue 8235, p55, 2p

　　詞彙註釋

　　wield [wi:ld] vt. 揮舞***劍等***;使用;支配, 行使，如：

　　vengeance [5vendVEns] n. 復仇, 報仇; 報復

　　inflict [take, wreak] vengeance ***up*** on sb. 對... 報仇[雪恨]

　　with a vengeance [口]猛烈地, 厲害地; 徹底地; 過度地

　　judicious [] adj. 明智的;有判斷力的;有見識的

　　pruning [5pru:nIN] n. 修枝, 剪枝, 修剪

　　tricky [5trIkI] adj. 難處理的;棘手的;微妙的;奸詐的;狡猾的

　　loth [lRW] ***=loath*** adj.憎惡的, 勉強的;不願意的

　　fickle [5fIk***E***l] adj.***在感情等方面***變幻無常的, 浮躁的, 薄情的

　　legion [5li:dV***E***n] adj. 大批的，大量的，

　　fad n. 流行一時的狂熱，時尚，風氣

　　can vt. ***canned; canning*** [美]把...裝成罐頭;[俚]把...灌製唱片, 把...錄音;[美俚]解僱, 辭退, 拋棄, 開除***學生***, 監禁, 停止, 停用

　　lucrative [5lu:krEtiv, lju:-] adj. 有利的, 賺錢的, 合算的, 待遇好的

　　underwriting initial public offerings ***IPOs***首次公開發行股票;新股上市

　　punter n. 顧客;嫖客

　　court vt. 求愛，獻殷勤;謀求;獲得;招致;奉承，討好;引誘，如：

　　disaffected [dIsE5fektId] adj. ***對政府***不忠的;不滿的;憤憤不平的

　　dish the dirt [美俚]散佈流言蜚語

　　參考譯文

　　揮舞裁員之斧

　　投資銀行大裁員

　　今年，迄今為止，國際投資銀行已裁減25,000多個工作崗位，此舉被描述成“明智的修剪”, 儘管裁員的真實情況比這更可怕。銀行私下承認, 如果銀行業務不能很快好轉, 那麼，華爾街和倫敦市真正的裁員不得不開始。有些銀行想採取比現在更大膽的行動, 但由於不想成為第一個帶來壞訊息的樣板而有所剋制。花旗集團本週宣佈再裁減3,500 工作崗位後，馬上又有這樣的報道：J. P. 摩根•蔡斯投資銀行即將大幅度削減它的投資銀行業務。這可能就是銀行真正開始換血的起點。

　　由於他們要決定誰留誰走, 經理們將面臨一個棘手的問題。萬一業務恢復的速度比他們現在敢於設想的快，那麼，他們多久才能僱到合適的員工?由於1998年後半年金融市場時好時壞，所以，美林證券在解僱了大批員工***包括技術人員***後吃盡了苦頭。過了不久，當金融市場開始好轉後, 不僅是這些員工不願意回去, 就連其他公司的僱員也不願加盟那些視員工為草芥的勢利僱主。

　　今天, 人們對 “成為下一個美林”的擔心正快速減退。失業投資銀行家多如牛毛，舉不勝舉, 雖然他們中幾乎無人願意承認自己“失業”。紐約目前的“休眠”銀行家幾乎跟女演員一樣多，雖然他們大可不必翹首等待。斯特林人力資源公司——一家獵頭公司——的勞拉羅法洛說，自1990以來，高階經理主管人員正以前所未有的速度被炒魷魚。他們的薪水太高，以至於他們為公司所創的收入還不及他們的工資水平——即使不考慮其它日常開支亦是如此。

　　銀行正急切地尋找通過增加技術的使用來裁減工人的途徑。奇怪的是, 像美林集團這樣的公司目前可能以比線上投資時尚盛行的巔峰時期更大的熱情來看待電子中介業。戈德曼•薩克斯公司試圖通過對人力資源的工作進行集中管理和裁員的方法來提高員工的工作效率。當得知戈德曼•薩克斯公司解僱了300 個專業人員時，人們感到非常震驚。但當管人事的人也被解僱時，我們確實感受到世態之艱難。

　　投資銀行所面臨的傷腦筋的事由於人們有幸記得的股市暴漲時期的投機行為所造成的後果而變得更加複雜化。比如, 多家投資銀行曾經通過優厚的待遇——好幾年有保障的薪金和獎金——的合同，招聘了許多在股權認購和股權分析方面享有極高聲譽的銀行家。目前，試圖取消這些承諾的談判正在進行——尤其是在瑞士信貸第一波士頓銀行***CSFB***, 它隨意發出的類似合同比任何銀行都多。

　　今年，沒有哪家投資銀行的業務比認購首次公開發行的股票***IPOs***更為無效。國際網際網路泡沫的破碎嚇退了眾多客戶，至又有一年的時間, 不太可能會出現很多有良好收益記錄的首次公開發行股票***目前這一點被認為是至關重要的***的候選公司。但這一行業中的下崗率極低。這與公司行為監督委員會委員和律師事務所的做法是否有關係?這些委員和律師事務所努力討好那些願意對原僱主銀行濫用首次公開發行股票的過程散佈流言蜚語的憤憤不平的前銀行僱員。

看過考研英語經濟類閱讀理解及答案的人還：