莎士比亞生存還是毀滅?

General 更新 2023年10月15日

莎士比亞說的一句話:"生存還是毀滅```````'是什麼意思?

這是莎士比亞四大悲劇之一《哈姆雷特》中著名對白"to be or not to be"(生存還是毀滅) 中的。

原文如下:

To be, or not to be: that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them?

... ...

朱生豪譯文如下:

生存還是毀滅,這是一個值得考慮的問題;

默然忍受命運暴虐的毒箭,

或是挺身反抗人世無涯的苦難,

通過鬥爭把它們清掃,

這兩種行為,哪一種更高貴?

... ...

這段獨白是哈姆雷特王子發現母親和叔叔害死了自己的父親,並且兩人早有姦情之後的。此時的他痛苦、疑惑,對人生充滿懷疑,覺得人活著沒有意義,自殺更好,可又對死亡很恐懼,不知人死後會不會下地獄。所以在這段獨白裡,他非常猶豫,思考著是該“生存還是毀滅”(To be, or not to be),是應該“默然忍受命運暴虐的毒箭" ( suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune), 也就是活著,忍受生老病死和人世的不公;還是"挺身反抗人世無涯的苦難,通過鬥爭把它們清掃" (to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them?),也就是自殺,一了百了?

所以,"Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer" 還不是一個完整的句子,必須和下文"The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles," 連在一起才有意義,全句意義就是朱生豪先生譯的:"默然忍受命運暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世無涯的苦難,... ... 這兩種行為,哪一種更高貴?"

英文原文會在這一個不完整的句子後面斷句,是為了詩的韻律和節奏。

如何理解莎士比亞的你心獨白“生存還是毀滅”

生存還是毀滅,這是一個值得考慮的問題;默然忍受命運的暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世的無涯的苦難,通過鬥爭把它們掃清,這兩種行為,哪一種更高貴?死了,睡著了,什麼都完了;要是在這一種睡眠之中,我們心頭的創痛,以及其他無數血肉之軀所不能避免的打擊,都可以從此消失,那正是我們求之不得的結局。死了,睡著了,睡著了也許還會做夢。嗯,阻礙就在這兒:因為當我們擺脫了這一具朽腐的皮囊以後,在那死的睡眠裡,究竟將要做些什麼夢,那不能不使我們躊躇顧慮。人們甘心久困於患難之中,也就是為了這個緣故;誰願意忍受人世的鞭撻和譏嘲、壓迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被輕蔑的愛情的慘痛、法律的遷延、官吏的橫暴和費盡辛勤所換來的小人的鄙視,要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子,就可以清算他自己的一生?誰願意負著這樣的重擔,在煩勞的生命的壓迫下呻吟流汗,倘不是因為懼怕不可知的死後,懼怕那從來不曾有一個旅人回來過的神祕之國,是它迷惑了我們的意志,使我們寧願忍受目前的磨折,不敢向我們所不知道的痛苦飛去?這樣,重重的顧慮使我們全變成了懦夫,決心的赤熱的光彩,被審慎的思維蓋上了一層灰色,偉大的事業在這一種考慮之下,也會逆流而退,失去了行動的意義。 這段話出自世界上最偉大的戲劇家、天才詩人英國的威廉·莎士比亞的代表作《哈姆萊特》的第三幕中王子哈姆萊特的經典獨白。 不知這樣回答行嗎?

“生存還是毀滅……”

to be or not to be,這是《哈姆雷特》(莎士比亞)的經典臺詞.

To be, or not to be- that is the question

漢文意思是:生存還是毀滅,這是一個問題.

此段的全文如下:

Hamlet:To be, or not to be- that is the question:

Whether it's nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them. To die- to sleep-

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wish'd. To die- to sleep.

To sleep- perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub!

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause. There's the respect

That makes calamity of so long life.

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,

The pangs of despis'd love, the law's delay,

The insolence of office, and the spurns

That patient merit of th' unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare bodkin? Who would these fardels bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

But that the dread of something after death-

The undiscover'd country, from whose bourn

No traveller returns- puzzles the will,

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,

And thus the n......

跪求莎士比亞《哈姆雷特》劇中哈姆雷特“生存還是毀滅,這是一個問題”的聞名獨白。

生存還是毀滅?這是個值得考慮的問題。究竟哪一種算高貴——默然忍受那欺人命運的暴虐的毒箭,還是拔起刀,向那人世的無涯的苦難搏鬥去,一了百了?! 死去;睡去……就此了事。睡去,也許就結束了這心頭的苦痛,這肉體所必然要承受的千百種驚駭震動。這倒是分享祈求的好歸宿。 死去;睡去。睡去,也許夢去。唉!也許難處就在這兒:因為擺脫了這人生的騷亂和糾纏,在那死去的長睡中又會闖來什麼夢,這不能不令人猶豫。正因為這樣的猶豫才使人們甘心久困於苦難之中;因為,誰願意忍受這世間的鞭笞、嘲弄,壓迫者的橫暴、傲慢者的欺辱、真情被鄙視、國法被撓阻,官僚們的倚勢凌人和費盡辛苦所換來的小人的讒言。要是僅僅自己一刺刀就能把這孽債永消除,那麼誰還願意負著這樣的重擔,在煩勞的生命的壓迫下苦熬呻吟、喘息流汗?就是因為懼怕那死後茫茫莫辨的彼岸、無數行客匆匆渡過從不見回頭,所以我們寧可忍受著眼前的災禍,不敢向未知之數奔投。這樣,生與死竟把我們全變成了懦夫。果斷力的本然靈光蒙上了一層黯淡的迷霧,聲勢浩大的事業也因為這躊躇一顧背離原有的航道,失去了行動的光輝。 喔——輕點聲!美麗的奧菲利亞來了。噢我的仙女啊,在你祈禱的時候,也為我所有的罪孽懺悔吧!

莎士比亞的那句有生存還是毀滅的原句是什麼?

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them. To die- to sleep-

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wish'd. To die- to sleep.

To sleep- perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub!

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause. There's the respect

That makes calamity of so long life.

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,

The pangs of despis'd love, the law's delay,

The insolence of office, and the spurns

That patient merit of th' unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare bodkin? Who would these fardels bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

But that the dread of something after death-

The undiscover'd country, from whose bourn

No traveller returns- puzzles the will,

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,

And thus the native hue of resolution

Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,

And enterprises of great pith and moment

With this regard their currents turn awry

And lose the name of action....

生存還是毀滅,這是一個問題

這是《哈姆雷特》中 丹麥王子的經典獨白。

王子麵對父親的猝然離世及母親的改嫁,及叔父的篡位.他內心充滿猜疑,矛盾,猶豫,痛苦.於是說出了這麼一句話:

To be or not to be, that's a question

“生存還是毀滅?這是個問題。”

這句話反映出當時他的痛苦、疑惑,對人生充滿懷疑,覺得人活著沒有意義,自殺更好,可又對死亡很恐懼,不知人死後會不會下地獄。所以在這段獨白裡,他非常猶豫,思考著“生存還是毀滅”(To be, or not to be),是應該“默然忍受命運暴虐的毒箭" ( suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune), 也就是活著,忍受生老病死和人世的不公;還是"挺身反抗人世無涯的苦難,通過鬥爭把它們清掃" (to take arms against a sea of troubles,。

除了莎士比亞《哈姆雷特》的成功因素外,“To be or not to be”之所以成為名言,還有下面原因:

一是因為它單詞簡單易記,讀起來朗朗上口,有詩的韻律和節奏,便於普通民眾傳誦流傳;

二是因為“To be or not to be”這句在不同語境中有不同的意思,比如“是或不是”,“幹或不幹”,“是生,還是死?”...

所以很多人喜歡套用這種句式

莎士比亞說的“生存還是毀滅,這是一個問題”什麼意思?

to be or not to be

採納哦

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