初中英語常用知識點總結

General 更新 2024年05月01日

  英語知識點是英語學習中一個重要的組成部分,初中英語學習最難的是語法,因為英語的語法跟漢語的語法有很大的不同。下面是小編為大家整理的關於,希望對您有所幫助。歡迎大家閱讀參考學習!

  被動語態

  初中英語學習最難的是語法,因為英語的語法跟漢語的語法有很大的不同。其中被動語

  態是初中英語學習的重點和難點。被動語態特點和用法。

  一、被動語態的構成形式

  1.被動語態的基本時態變化

  被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式,被動語態由be+過去分詞構成,be隨時態的變化而變化。

  以do為例,各種時態的被動語態形式為:

  1*** am/is/are +done ***過去分詞***一般現在時

  例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

  2*** has /have been done現在完成時

  例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

  3*** am/is /are being done現在進行時

  例:A new cinema is being built here.

  4*** was/were done一般過去時

  例:| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer.

  5*** had been done過去完成時

  例:By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in

  Beijing.

  6*** was/were being done過去進行時

  例:A meeting was being held when I was there.

  7*** shall/will be done一般將來時

  例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

  8*** should/would be done過去將來時

  例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

  9*** shall/will have been done將來完成時***少用***

  例:The project will have been completed before July.

  2.被動語態的特殊結構形式

  1***帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為:情態動詞+ be+過去分詞。

  例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

  2***有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用於被動結構時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語後面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。

  例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

  3***當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時,將賓語變為被動結構中的主

  語,其餘不動。

  例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught

  smoking a cigarette.

  4***在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等後面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結構中不定式to要省略,但變為被動結構時,要加to。

  例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

  5***有些相當於及物動詞的動詞片語,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞+ 副詞”等,也可以用

  於被動結構,但要把它們看作一個整體, 不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

  例:The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

  3.非謂語動詞的被動語態

  v+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動語態***一般時態和完成時態***。

  如何使用

  1***如何使用被動語態;

  學習被動語態時,不僅要知道被動語態的各種語法結構,還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態。

  1.講話者不知道動作的執行者或不必說出動作的執行者***這時可省by短語***。

  例:My bike was stolen last night.

  2.藉助被動的動作突出動作的執行者。

  例:| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should accept the offer.

  3.為了更好地安排句子。

  例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. ***一個主語就夠了***

  2***It is said that+從句及其他類似句型

  一些表示”據說”或"相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say,suppose, think等可以用於句型"It+ be+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+ be+過去分詞+to do sth."。

  有:It is said that... 據說,It is reported that.. .據報道,

  It is believed that...大家相信,It ishoped that..大家希望,

  It is well known th...眾所周知,It is thought that...大家認為,

  It is suggested that.. .據建議。

  例:lt is said that the boy has passed the national exam.

  ***=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ***

  3***謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義

  1.英語中有很多動詞如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read ,write, wash等,當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特徵時,常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。

  例:This kind of cloth washes well.

  注意:主動語態表被動強調的是主語的特徵,而被動語態則強調外界作用造成的影響。

  試比較: The door won't lock. ***指i ]本身有毛病***

  The door won't be locked. ***指不會有人來鎖門,指“I ]沒有鎖”是人的原因***

  2.表示“發生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語,如: happen, last, take place, break

  out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。

  例:How do the newspapers come out?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢?

  3.系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連繫動詞feel, sound, taste, book,feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。

  例:Your reason sounds reasonable

  4***非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義

  在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。

  1.在need, want, require, bear等詞的後面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義,其含

  義相當於動詞不定式的被動形式。

  例:The house needs repairing***to be repaired***.這房子需要修理。

  2.形容詞worth後面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,但不能跟動詞不定式;而worthy後面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。

  例:The picture-book is well worth reading.***=The picture-book is very worthy tobe read.***

  3.動詞不定式在名詞後面作定語,不定式和名詞之間有動賓關係時,又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關係,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。

  例:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. ***to do與things是動賓關係,與I是主謂關係。***

  試比較: I' II go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ***此處用不定式的被動語態作定語表明you不是post動作的執行者。***

  4.在某些"形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中,句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時,這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。

  例:This problem is difficult to work out .***可看作to work out省略了for me***.

  5.在too... to.. .結構中,不定式前面可加邏輯主語,所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。

  例:This book is too expensive ***for me*** to buy.

  6.在there be...句型中,當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時,不定式用主動式作定語,重點在人,用被動形式作定語,重點在物。

  例:There is no time to lose***to be lost***.***用to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,誰lost time不明確。***

  7.在be to do結構中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,由於古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。

  例:Who is to blame for starting the fire?

  秋風,唱給田野動聽的歌

  初中英語知識點總結:句型結構  初中英語語法中,有很多特殊句型結構,牢記這些句型結構,以後再運用上就可以得心應手。下面是初中英語重點句型結構總結,希望能幫助到大家。

  1、see,hear,notice,find,feel,listen to,look at ***感官動詞***+ do eg: I like watching monkeys jump.2、 ***比較級 and 比較級*** 表示越來越……3 、a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟***容易*** 補:a place of interest 名勝4、 agree with sb. 贊成某人5、 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一種/樣6、 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界

  7 、along with 同……一道,伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you 我將和你一起去The students planted trees along with their teachers. 學生同老師們一起種樹。

  8、 As soon as 一……就……

  9 、as you can see 你是知道的

  10、 ask for ……求助 向……要……***直接接想要的東西*** eg: ask you for my book

  11 、ask sb. for sth. 向某人什麼12、 ask sb. to do sth. 詢問某人某事ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事

  13、 at the age of 在……歲時eg:I am sixteen. I am at the age of sixteen.14 、at the beginning of … ……的起初;……的開始15、 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾eg : At the end of the day16、 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候 補:at least 至少

  17、 be /feel confident of sth. /that clause + 從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信 eg: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

  18 、be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時

  19 、be able to ***+ v.原*** = can ***+ v.原*** 能夠……eg: She is able to sing. She can sing. 補:base on 以……***為***根據

  20、 be able to do sth. 能夠幹什麼 eg: She is able to sing.

  21、 be afraid to do ***of sth. 恐懼,害怕……eg: I'm afraed to go out at night. I'm afraid of dog.22 、be allowed to do 被允許做什麼 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允許看電視。I should be allowed to watch TV. 我應該被允許看電視。

  23 、be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 eg: Don't be angry with me.

  24、 be angry with ***at*** sb. for doing sth. 為什麼而生某人的氣

  25、 be as … 原級 … as 和什麼一樣 eg: She is as tall as me. 她和我一樣高。

  26 、be ashamed to

  27 、be away from 遠離

  28、 be away from 從……離開

  29 、be bad for 對什麼有害eg: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好。30、 be born 出生於

  31、 be busy doing sth. 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth. 忙於……

  32、 be careful 當心;小心 be close to … 離……很近

  33、 be different from … 和……不一樣

  34、 be famous for 以……著名

  35 、be friendly to sb 對某人友好

  36 、be from = come from 來自eg:He is from Bejing. He comes from Bejing.Is he from Bejing? Does he come from Bejing?37 、be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 、be glad + to do/從句 做某事很高興

  39 、be going to + v.***原*** 打算,計劃,準備……40 、be good at***+ doing*** = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……

  41、 be good for 對什麼有好處eg: Reading aloud is good for your English.42、 be happy to do 很高興做某事43、 be helpful to sb. 對某人有好處eg: Reading aloud is helpful to you. 大聲朗讀對你有好處。Exercising is helpful to your bady. 鍛鍊對你的身體有好處。

  44、 be in good health 身體健康

  45、 be in trouble 處於困難中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble

  46、 be interested in 對某方面感興趣

  47、 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到

  48 、be like 像…… eg: I'm like my mother.

  49 、be mad at 生某人的氣

  50、 be made from 由……製成***製成以後看不見原材料*** 補:be made in 在……生產或製造

  51、 be made of 由……製成***製成以後還看得見原材料***52、 be not sure 表不確定

  53、be on a visit to 參觀

  54、 be popular with sb. 受某人歡迎 補:be please with 對…感到滿意

  55、 be quiet 安靜

  56、be short for 表……的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊傑

  57、be sick in bed 生病在床

  58、be sorry to do sth. be sorry for sb. eg: I am sorry for you.

  59、 be sorry to hear that

  60、be sorry to trouble sb.eg: I am sorry to trouble you.

  61、be strict in doing sth. 嚴於做某事 eg: He's strict in obeying noles

  62、be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves. 這些學生對自己不嚴格。

  63、be strict with sb in sth. 某方面對某人嚴格

  64、 be supposed to do 被要求幹什麼65、 be sure 表確定66、be sure of doing sth. 對做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well67、 be sure of sth. 對做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head ***my teacher***. 我相信我的大腦***老師***。

  68、be sure that sth. 對做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test. 我相信他能通過考試。69、be sure to do sth. 一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test. 我們一定會通過這次考試We are sure to learn English well. 我們一定能學好英語。

  70、be terrified of + 名/動 doing 害怕……

  71、 be terrified to do sth. 害怕做某事

  72、be the same as … 和什麼一樣

  73、be used to doing sth. 習慣做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early. 我爸爸習慣早起。He is used to sleeping in class. 他習慣上課睡覺.He is used to working hard.He is used to hard work. 他習慣努力工作

  74、be worth doing 值得做什麼

  75、be ***feel*** afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be afraid of sth. 害怕某物be afraid that 叢句76、because + 句子 because of + 短語

  eg: He was late because he had a headache.

  He was late because of his headache.

  77、begin to do = start to do 開始做某事start … with … = begin … with … 以……開始……eg: Let's begin the game with the song. I begin to go home.

  78、between … and … 兩者之間

  79、borrow sth. from sb. 向……借……

  lend sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. 借給……什麼東西

  eg: I borrowed a pen from him. He lent a pen to me ***he lent me a pen***.

  80、both = the same ***as*** = not different ***from*** 表相同

  81 bother 打擾 bother sb. to do sth. 補:both … and … ……和……都

  eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站。The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了。

  He's bothering me to lend him money.

  82、by the end of 到……為止

  83、call sb. sth. eg: We call him old wang.

  84、care 關心

  eg: Don't you care about this country's future? 你為什麼不關心國家的未來。

  85、catch up with sb. 趕上某人

  86、chat with sb. 和某人閒談 take sb. to + 地點 帶某人去某地

  87、come in 進來

  88、come over to 過來

  89、come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?

  90、communicate with sb. 和某人交流

  91、consider + doing 考慮做……eg: Why not consider going to lu zhou? 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?

  92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg: She likes dancing to the music. 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞。

  93、decide to do sth. 決定做某事

  94、do a survey of 做某方面的調查

  95、do better in 在……方面做得更好

  補:do well in 在……方面乾的好96、do wrong 做錯補:droup off 放下***某物***97 Don't forget to do sth. 不要忘了做某事。98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞. 不要介意……。99、each + 名***單***每一個……100、end up + doing


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